LEGALISASI KEKERASAN TERHADAP ANAK DALAM BERITA HARIAN TEMPO: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS
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Abstract
This study aims to describe the construction of the text on violence against children presented by Tempo Media; to describe the injustices carried out and produced by Tempo media practitioners through their news texts; and to describe the textual relations with the social context behind Tempo's news texts. This research employs descriptive qualitative in the form of a critical linguistic perspective. The data analysis technique used in this research is Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis Theory, that is to say, text analysis, discourse practice analysis, and sociocultural practice analysis. The results of this research showed that based on the textual analysis there is social inequality in Tempo’s news discourse. This is known by the use of choice of words (vocabulary) that marginalizes children. The choice of words used by Tempo in its reporting implies an ideology of the legalization of violence against children. Tempo still places children as the weak who deserve to be mistreated. Based on the discource practice analysis, it was found that news of violence at Tempo was still dominant; there might be differences of opinion at the editorial level; news of violence against children was dramatized. Meanwhile, based on the sociocultural analysis, it turns out that Tempo adheres to the ideology of marginalization or the superordination of adults over children. This marginalization practice occurs due to the misrepresentation different from exclusion in which excommunication or exclusion of other groups/people is seen as the others.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan konstruksi teks pemberitaan kekerasan terhadap anak yang dihadirkan Tempo; mendeskripsikan ketidakadilan yang dijalankan dan diproduksi praktisi media Tempo melalui teks-teks beritanya; serta mendeskripsikan relasi tekstual dengan konteks sosial yang tersembunyi di balik teks-teks berita Tempo. Tipe penelitian yang dipakai dalam artikel ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dalam perspektif linguistik kritis. Teknik analisis data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough, yaitu analisis teks, analisis praktik kewacanaan, dan analisis praktik sosiokultural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis tekstual, terdapat ketimpangan sosial pada wacana berita Tempo dengan pilihan kata-kata (kosakata) yang meminggirkan kaum anak. Pilihan kata yang dipakai Tempo dalam pemberitaannya mengandung makna legalisasi kekerasan terhadap anak. Tempo masih menempatkan anak sebagai kaum tak berdaya yang pantas dianiaya. wacana berita mengenai anak sebagai subjek dalam pemberitaan mungkin saja bukan menjadi ideologi media Tempo, sehingga wacana berita anak sebagai objek yang ditonjolkan. Berdasarkan analisis praktik wacana, ditemukan bahwa berita kekerasan di Tempo masih dominan; adanya perbedaan pandangan di tingkat redaksional; adanya dramatisasi pada berita kekerasan terhadap anak. Sementara itu, berdasarkan analisis sosiokultural, ternyata Tempo sesungguhnya menganut ideologi marginalisasi atau superordinasi orang dewasa terhadap anak-anak. Praktik marginalisasi ini terjadi karena adanya misrepresentasi yang berbeda dengan ekslusi dan pengucilan, yang dalam ekskomunikasi atau eksklusi kelompok/orang lain dipandang sebagai the others.
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